Learn Which Sharks Lay Eggs

Bony fish produce large numbers of eggs that may scatter throughout the ocean, sometimes getting eaten by predators along the way. In contrast, sharks (which are cartilaginous fish) produce relatively few young. Sharks have a variety of reproductive strategies, although they can be divided into two main groups: those that lay eggs and those that give birth to live young. How Do Sharks Mate? All sharks mate through internal fertilization. The male inserts one or both of his claspers into the females reproductive tract and deposits sperm. During this time, the male may use his teeth to hold on to the female, so many females have scars and wounds from mating. After mating, the fertilized eggs may be laid by the mother, or they may develop either partially or fully inside the mother. The young of different species get their nourishment through a variety of means, including a yolk sac. Egg-Laying Sharks Of the approximately 400 species of sharks, about 40% lay eggs. This is called oviparity. When the eggs are laid, they are in a protective egg case (which sometimes washes up on the beach and is commonly called a mermaids purse). The egg case has tendrils that allow it to attach to a substrate such as corals, seaweed, or the ocean bottom. In some species (such as the horn shark), the egg cases are pushed into the bottom or into crevices between or under rocks. In oviparous shark species, the young get their nourishment from a yolk sac. They may take several months to hatch. In some species, the eggs stay inside the female for a period of time before they are laid, so that the young have a chance to develop more fully and thus spend less time in the vulnerable, immobile egg cases before they hatch. Types of Sharks That Lay Eggs Shark species that lay eggs include: Bamboo sharksWobbegong sharksCarpet sharksHorn (bullhead) sharksSwell sharksMany catsharks Live-Bearing Sharks About 60% of the shark species give birth to live young. This is called viviparity. In these sharks, the young remain in the mothers uterus until they are born. The viviparous shark species can be further divided into the ways the young sharks are nourished while in the mother: ovoviviparity, oophagy, and embryophagy. Ovoviviparity Some species are ovoviviparous. In these species, the eggs are not laid until they have absorbed the yolk sac, developed, and hatched, and then the female gives birth to young that look like miniature sharks. These young sharks get their nourishment from the yolk sac. This is similar to sharks that form in egg cases, but the sharks are born live. This is the most common type of development in sharks. Examples of ovoviviparous species are whale sharks, basking sharks, thresher sharks, sawfish, shortfin mako sharks, tiger sharks, lantern sharks, frilled sharks, angelsharks, and dogfish sharks. Oophagy and Embryophagy In some shark species, the young developing inside their mother get their primary nutrients not from a yolk sac, but by eating unfertilized eggs (called oophagy) or their siblings (embryophagy). Some sharks produce a large number of infertile eggs for the purpose of nourishing the developing pups. Others produce a relatively large number of fertilized eggs, but only one pup survives, as the strongest one eats the rest. Examples of species in which oophagy occurs are the white, shortfin mako, and sandtiger sharks. Viviparity There are some shark species that have a reproductive strategy similar to humans and other mammals. This is called placental viviparity and occurs in about 10% of the shark species. The eggs yolk sac becomes a placenta attached to the females uterine wall, and nutrients are transferred from the female to the pup. This type of reproduction occurs in many of the larger sharks, including bull sharks, blue sharks, lemon sharks, and hammerhead sharks. References Compagno, L. ,et al. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press, 2005.Greven, H. Viviparous Sharks, https://www.sharkinfo.ch/SI1_00e/vivipary.html.â€Å"Shark Biology.†Ã‚  Florida Museum, 29 July 2019, https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/sharks/shark-biology/.Skomal, G. The Shark Handbook. Cider Mill Press Book Publishers, 2008.

How Does Rhetoric Affect Our Life - 1400 Words

I have learned that rhetoric is something I use regularly in my daily life. Unknowingly, I have been using this art of persuasion for even the most everyday things. Now that I can identify rhetoric, I see it everywhere in the form of politics, media, advertising, parental rearing, public speaking, personal, and even at our work place. I use rhetoric every day in my work life, convincing my residents to take physical rehab, because by them taking the service that is how the facility makes most of its money. Even though I work with the geriatric population if they are mentally capable I cannot force them to go, it will be going against their rights and free will. Therefore, I spend an ample amount of time convincing them to go, I connect with them emotionally, go over a list of pros and cons, and separate myself from the nursing home they are upset being at in the first place. In doing so, I am hoping to gain their trust and eventually persuade them into taking the therapy. Most of the time I am successful at getting them to go, at times I am not. Shakespeare tells us that rhetoric is unavoidable, a part of human communication: a persuasive form of communication that appeals to people’s imagination, emotions and reasoning. Depending on who’s using it and why they are using it, it can be successful or u nsuccessful depending on whether or not the rhetorician is able to persuade another person or people to some sort of action or belief which is not against their nature or theirShow MoreRelatedEthos, Pathos, Pathos And Logos In Aristotles Politics1373 Words   |  6 Pages Aristotle’s Politics In Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Aristotle argues that rhetoric should be used to portray the truth and to persuade people to follow the truth, not to manipulate the audience. According to Aristotle, rhetoric is both a natural method of persuasion and something that can be learned. Aristotle says, â€Å"ordinary people do this either at random or through practice and from acquired habit† (Rhetoric). There are three modes of persuasion, logos, ethos, and pathos, each used in a unique wayRead MoreLanguage And Its Impact On The Language Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe aspect of daily life, culture and society, create a degree of oneness between them that allows for the creation of styled language and as a result the place behind the it has the biggest impact on the language and therefore on the speaker than does the origin of the language itself. Language has many aspects within it, one being the rhetoric. Through the use of these aspects, we can use the language to affect the rhetoric behind it but also can change the use of rhetoric, and its strategiesRead MorePolitical Power1656 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical decision-making and how it affects the daily lives of the populous. 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Anthropology essay Free Essays

Energy captured, production, population, and exchange are all evident in various cultures and societies throughout time. Because these factors affect all humans and societies equally, they must all equally be accounted for within that particular culture/society methods of sustainability. The first example I will use to Illustrate this point will be Britain’s empire during the 16th-18th centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Britain at the time had Its scope of influence include over 15th of the world’s entire population. This expansive effort to colonize or commercialism by sea led to Britain’s global dominance during the era. By establishing colonies and trade routes throughout the world, Brutal was able to use human labor In various colonies to grow cash crops and food to serve Britain’s empire (economy). This was especially Important considering Britain’s geography and land made for a poor agrarian society. Using wind and human labor, the British were able to build ships and a powerful navy to traverse the 7 oceans for profit, production, and exchange. My second example will be the pilgrims and settlers of the 13 original colonies before the American Revolution. The original pilgrims and settlers of the 13 original colonies ere largely unsuccessful in their attempts to establish colonies in North America. It took a few tries before the colonies became fully established and functioning; illness, starvation, and a lack of sustainable resources lead to death for many in these starter colonies. Because these initial immigrants lacked the resources or knowledge to cultivate the land effectively, they experienced hardships until they learned how to collaborate with others. Luckily for them, the pilgrims and settlers began bartering and learning to hunt and cultivate crops with the French and Native-American peoples of North America at the time. While we are all aware that the Native Americans and settlers did not always get along due to conflicts over land and power, they did however, stand to learn and gain from each other’s technology for the self- preservation of their own societies/cultures when they were not at odds with one another. My third and last example will be the Egyptians that built the Ancient Egyptian empire/the Pyramids thousands of years before Christ. Geographically speaking, Egypt was poised to be one of the ancient world’s superpowers due to Its location next to the Nile River. Without the Nile, Egypt simply could not have come to existence due to its arid desert climate. Production, population, and Egyptian society flourished because sustainability was possible due to the Nile River allowing agriculture, trade, and expansion to exist. The Importance of the Nile River to Ancient Egypt culture and way of life was evident In their polytheistic religion – they prayed/ made tributes to their gods whom they believed controlled the Sun, the Nile, etc. Anthropology essay By annoyances culture/society methods of sustainability. The first example I will use to illustrate had its scope of influence include over 15th of the world’s entire population. This Britain was able to use human labor in various colonies to grow cash crops and food to serve Britain’s empire (economy). This was especially important considering Britain’s geography and land made for a poor agrarian society. Using wind and human labor, the British were able to build ships and a powerful Ana to traverse the Egypt was poised to be one of the ancient world’s superpowers due to its location agriculture, trade, and expansion to exist. The importance of the Nile River to Ancient Egypt culture and way of life was evident in their polytheistic religion – they prayed/ How to cite Anthropology essay, Essays